I quote from the announcement:
The Chinese Language Fellowship Program (CLFP) is a nationwide initiative designed to support American PhD students in political science with a fellowship of up to $45,000 so that they can devote one year to intensive Chinese language training at an institution of the fellow’s choice, generally in China or Taiwan.
Deadline: February 24, 2019. Information here. Please read the full announcement for details before ruling yourself out – for example, in some cases non-political science people are OK.